Beta (\(\beta^-\)) decay is the release of an electron by the change of a neutron to a proton. The neutron (charge = 0) is made up of one up quark (charge = \(\frac{2}{3}\)) and two down quarks ...

For example, carbon-14 decays to nitrogen-14 when it emits beta radiation ... substance from a graph of the count rate against time. The graph shows the decay curve for a radioactive substance.