This is possible because the energy that sets the scale for the quantum Hall effect in ordinary semiconductors is proportional to the inverse effective mass of the electrons, but in graphene ...

and scattering across the magnetic field is most effective when there are electromagnetic waves at frequencies of a few millihertz that match the frequency at which electrons drift around the Earth.

chlorine also has 17 electrons. The relative mass of a nucleus is the number of protons and neutrons it contains. Because the mass of a proton is equivalent to a neutron, the relative mass of an ...