The reduction in temperature produced no changes in heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume or central venous pressure, either at rest or during exercise (Table 1). Angina occurred in one ...

Stable angina causes symptoms that develop during physical exertion, such as during exercise or when climbing the stairs. Emotional stress can also trigger symptoms, and some people may experience ...

There are two types of angina; stable angina, which is the most common kind, usually comes on after a trigger like exercise. It gets better after a few minutes. This is the more common type of angina.

The Duke Treadmill Score is calculated as below: DTS = Exercise time (minutes) - (5 x ST deviation in mm) - (4 x angina index) The exercise time is based on using the standard Bruce protocol.

The walk-through phenomenon occurs when angina at a low level of activity is relieved with continued exercise. On treadmill testing, ST segment depression seen early on may subsequently resolve.

However, there is no evidence to suggest that cardiac rehabilitation is clinically or cost effective for managing stable angina. Research to date has looked at short-term outcomes, such as a change in ...