The reduction in temperature produced no changes in heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume or central venous pressure, either at rest or during exercise (Table 1). Angina occurred in one ...

Stable angina causes symptoms that develop during physical exertion, such as during exercise or when climbing the stairs. Emotional stress can also trigger symptoms, and some people may experience ...

The Duke Treadmill Score is calculated as below: DTS = Exercise time (minutes) - (5 x ST deviation in mm) - (4 x angina index) The exercise time is based on using the standard Bruce protocol.

However, there is no evidence to suggest that cardiac rehabilitation is clinically or cost effective for managing stable angina. Research to date has looked at short-term outcomes, such as a change in ...