Data extraction A standardised form was used to record information ... rather than the definitive diagnosis of a head injury. Players manifesting clear on-field observable signs, such as loss of ...

TOI K-D results yielded 94% sensitivity and 80% specificity for diagnosing concussions. Four groups emerged from the TOI data. In Group 1, 4/4 were asymptomatic within 24 hours and scores were better ...