Grade I HE is marked by subtle behavioral changes, such as sleep disturbances, inattention, and moodiness. Upon progressing to OHE, patients may exhibit drastic personality changes, irritability ...

Background and Aims: Acute variceal bleed (AVB) is an important precipitating factor for development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, there is paucity of data on the role of lactulose for ...

This study shows that the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy was lower in cirrhotic ... of patients in this study developed HE, which was grade 2 and we attribute it to prompt management of ...

The Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score was used to diagnose MHE, and OHE development was observed during a 30-day follow-up period. Plasma levels of NfL, GFAP, tau, and UCHL1 were measured ...