such as cranial vena cava puncture. The CVC in the ferret has a diameter of 3.0–3.5 mm and is the main vessel located cranial to the heart. The external and internal jugular veins are joined by ...

[3] The internal jugular approach ... the cephalic or subclavian vein. Early complications include: pneumothorax, hemothorax, air embolism, accidental arterial puncture, cardiac arrhythmia ...

Techniques for blood collection from the rat include puncture of the heart, retro-orbital plexus, jugular vein, saphenous vein, tail blood vessels, carotid artery, abdominal aorta, and vena cava.