Bilirubin, a potent endogenous antioxidant, was found to protect against the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rodents. In humans, cross-sectional studies found an inverse relation ...

Heme catabolism (from the breakdown of red cells) leads to the formation of the pigment bilirubin as an end product. About 80% of heme comes from the degradation of circulating erythrocytes ...