Raman knew all this but couldn't agree with Lord Rayleigh's explanation for the sea's colour. He thought it might be due to light scattering by water molecules, but his idea needed scientific proof.

The schematic diagram [Figure (b)] shows that the Stokes beam is modulated with an electro-optic modulator (EOM, M350-160 KD*P, Conoptics) at a couple of MHz by using a square-wave function-generator ...

This phenomenon, known as Raman scattering, occurs due to the vibrational energy levels of the molecules ... Raman Spectroscopy has gained traction in environmental monitoring and analysis due to its ...