Correspondence to J Kettunen, Unit for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Mannerheimintie 17, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland. Objectives—To study factors associated with passive hip rotation range of motion ...

This occurs at the shoulder joint during an overarm tennis serve or cricket bowl. Rotation – this is where the limb turns round its long axis, like using a screw driver. This occurs in the hip ...

Circumduction – this is where the limb moves in a circle. This occurs at the shoulder joint during an overarm tennis serve. Rotation – this is where the limb moves in a circular movement ...

The most important function of the ligaments is to limit the range of motion of the shoulder joint. At the beginning of abduction/external rotation, it is mainly the dynamic stabilisers that keep the ...