This knowledge is crucial for surgeons to improve the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic sinus surgeries[2]. Additionally, research has explored the drainage pathways of the anterior ethmoid ...

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat chronic sinus conditions and other disorders affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. A critical aspect of ...

Cilia sweep mucus toward the ostia. The ostia of the frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoid sinuses open into the osteomeatal complex, which lies in the middle meatus lateral to the middle turbinate.