When a terrestrial vertebrate stands, its body hangs from the vertebral column which supports the weight of the trunk like the arch of a suspension bridge and transmits it to the ground by two sets of ...

Unlike stingrays, which use their tails for defense, cownose rays rely on theirs as an extension of their lateral line sensory system, allowing them to sense predators even when they cannot see them.

In amphibians, the pelvic girdle is attached to one vertebra. In the early reptiles, the pelvic girdle broadened its attachment to the vertebral column. Two vertebrae are used to support the pelvic ...

It is protected by the vertebral column, a series of bones that surround and support it. In the cervical region, the spinal cord contains nerves that control movement and sensation in the arms, legs ...