Recent years have seen a rapid and exciting expansion in our understanding of the mucosal immune system with novel insights into environmental influences of diet and the microbiota; the convergence ...
These tissues are closely associated with the external environment and the mucosal immune system must provide protective immunity to pathogens but remain tolerant of non-harmful environmental ...
However, current research indicates that an oral vaccine is less effective than injectable immunization because the integrity of the antigen is destroyed in the digestive tract, resulting in a weaker ...
Most pathogens, especially the food/water/air-borne germs, would have to interact with the mucosal barrier system in order to invade hosts. Intracellular pathogens such as microsporidia, Mycobacterium ...