Kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), have become critical clinical, socioeconomic, and public health concerns worldwide. The kidney requires a lot of ...

DNA can be methylated by DNMTs and demethylated by active demethylation through oxidizing, deaminating and base-excision repair. Enzymes were marked in green, metabolites were marked in blue, while ...

Since mature levels of monoamine oxidase B are required to convert MPTP into its active toxic form MPP+, younger animals were not used in the present study. Five groups (n = 6 per group ...

Hydrolases are enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a covalent bond using water. Types of hydrolase include esterases, such as phosphatases, that act on ester bonds, and proteases or peptidases ...

Furthermore, a number of glutathione S-transferases and enzymes were also more highly expressed, as were detoxifying compounds that protect against oxidative stress by conjugation of glutathiones.