E ver since the early 19th century, when Thomas Bruce, seventh earl of Elgin, sawed off and crowbarred many of the carvings ...

which measures over 23,000 square feet at the level of its top step. Architectural evidence and historic record, including reference to the Parthenon's 40-foot-high, gold-and-ivory statue of ...

And the Parthenon, like certain statues created in the fifth century ... sculptured metopes [decorated rectangular panels near the top of the temple]. It also had an Ionic frieze running around ...