Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States ...

A computational study by researchers in the UK has shown that alkyl groups are inductively electron-withdrawing relative to hydrogen, and not electron-donating as described in some textbooks.

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom ...