2014年8月1日 · The apical constriction (AC) was defined to be the narrowest area extending along a distance of 0.1 mm or more at the apex. Size and form of the constriction were …

The apical constriction (AC) and the apical foramen (AF) are the principal reference points used to determine the apical limit for instrumentation and root canal filling. AC varies in different races, …

The apical constriction (AC) was defined to be the narrowest area extending along a distance of 0.1 mm or more at the apex. Size and form of the constriction were recorded as well as the …

2014年8月1日 · The apical constriction (AC) was defined to be the narrowest area extending along a distance of 0.1 mm or more at the apex. Size and form of the constriction were …

Introduction: The existence of the apical constriction has been repeatedly questioned. The aim of the present study was to validate the existence of the apical constriction and determine its …

Apical constriction is the narrowest diameter of the root canal system that commonly is used as a reference point by clinicians as apical termination in endodontic treatment. We investigated the …

2021年8月5日 · According to the European Society of Endodontology (2006), quality guidelines recommend that the canal length determination must be close to apical constriction. The …

Apical root canal complexities such as apical ramifications, apical constriction morphotypes, the AC to AF distance, and the position of the AF and accessory canals can jeopardize successful …

Four distinct types of apical constriction were routinely found, whilst a proportion of canals were apparently blocked. The study confirms the view that it is impossible, with complete certainty, …

2014年6月1日 · The aim of this study is to assess the morphology, the prevalence and the topography of the apical constriction (AC) through a tridimensional analysis and compare the …