The buccopharyngeal membranes serve as a respiratory surface in a wide variety of amphibians and reptiles. In this type of respiration, membranes in the mouth and throat are permeable to …

The buccopharyngeal membranes serve as a respiratory surface in a wide variety of amphibians and reptiles. In this type of respiration, membranes in the mouth and throat are permeable to …

Reptiles are usually divided by their skull structures into 2 groups: either anapsids or diapsids. 1 Anapsids have a simple skull structure lacking true temporal openings, and chelonians are the …

The buccopharyngeal membranes also serve as a respiratory exchange surface in a variety of reptiles. The highly vascularized pharyngeal papillae are able to extract dissolved oxygen from …

The oral cavity of the reptile is lined by mucous epithelium [1].In squamates, the oral cavity has skin folds that seal the oral cavity; however, these structures are absent in crocodilians and …

The buccopharyngeal membrane refers to a respiratory surface found in certain amphibians and reptiles, where membranes in the mouth and throat allow for the exchange of oxygen and …

A wide variety of disorders may be seen affecting the reptile and amphibian oral cavity. Owners can easily miss problems until they are at an advanced stage because of the difficulty of …

Reptiles retain an elaborate buccal, hyoidean force pump, but ventilate the lungs primarily with a thoracic aspiratory pump, although they typically lack the diaphragm, characteristic of …

The normal packed cell volume of a reptile is considerably less than that of mammals, so the mucous membranes are normally a paler shade of pink in species without pigmentation of the …

Bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, neoplastic, and nutritional causes of disorders of the oral cavity in reptilian species are probably underestimated and likely cause a higher incidence of morbidity …